There we horrible and lots of chaos
It is a true fact that as the Industrial Revolution progressed and the importance of machine work increased, workers found themselves becoming more essential for servicing and guiding machines. The correct option among the two options that are given in the question is the first option. The importance of specialized jobs increased.
The scale does. When you know the scale it is easy to calculate the real distance. If the scale is 1 : 1000, that means that 1cm on the map is equal to 1000cm in real life.
This excluded a majority of the population: slaves, freed slaves, children, women and metics (foreigners resident in Athens). The women had limited rights and privileges, had restricted movement in public, and were very segregated from the men.