A deficiency of dopamine is responsible for the signs and symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
Parkinson's disease is characterized by gradual degeneration of neurons in a section of the brain. In normal conditions, these neurons release a chemical substance known as dopamine which is important for the brain.
Dopamine is a neurotransmitter which facilitates communication amongst different parts of the brain that is responsible for smooth muscle activity and proper nerve operation.
Parkinson’s disease is a disorder generally associated with uncontrollable movements like tremors, rigidity as well as problems linked with maintaining body balance and coordination. Symptoms generally develop slowly and intensify over the period.
People may experience trouble in walking and talking with the advancement of the disease. The patients may also exhibit mental as well as behavioral alterations, sleep trouble, depression, memory problems and lethargy.
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Explanation:
-Pheophytin
P680 the primary donor of Photosystem II becomes excited and transfers an electron to pheophytin. Pheophytin is the initial intermediate electron acceptor and carrier in Photosystem II; it is a chlorophyll-like molecule that lacks a central magnesium ion.
Further Explanation:
Photosynthesis is a chemical pathway that’s integral to producing energy in plants and other primary producers. Energy in the form of molecules of glucose is produced from light, water and carbon dioxide while oxygen is released. This occurs in several complex steps, photosynthesis is a rate limited reaction, depends on several factors including carbon dioxide concentration, ambient temperature and light intensity; the energy is retrieved from photons, I.e. particles of light, and water is used as a reducing agent. This occurs in the thykaloids, where pigment molecules like chlorophyll reside.
The chloroplast is a membrane bound organelle found in plants. It contains several invaginations of a plasma membrane called the thylakoid membrane. This contains chlorophyll pigments, in stacks called granum, while the internal spaces of the organelle are called the lumen. Liquid surrounds the granum, forming the stroma.
During the light reaction:
- Light is absorbed by pigments in phosystem II (PSII). This energy is transferred among pigments til it gets to the reaction center, and is transferred to P680; this promotes an electron to a higher energy level where it then goes to an acceptor molecule, like Pheophytin .
- Water supplies the chlorophyll in plant cell with replacement electrons for the ones removed from photosystem II. Additionally, water (H2O) split by light during photolysis into H+ and OH- acts as a source of oxygen along with functioning as a reducing agent.
- the electron moves down an electron transport chain (to PS I)where it experiences continuous energy loss. This energy fuels the pumping of H+ from the stroma to thykaloid, leading to the formation of a gradient. The H+ move along their gradient and cross through ATP synthase, into the the stroma.
- ATP synthase converts ADP and Pi to the energy storage molecule ATP.
- The electron gets to photosystem I where it goes to pigments at P700. It absorbs light energy, the electron is promoted to a higher energy level, and passed to an electron acceptor. This leaves a space for another electron which is then replaced by one from photosystem II.
- in the ETC, the molecule NADP is reduced to NADPH by providing H+ ions. NADP and NADPH are integral to the Calvin cycle where monosaccharides or sugars like glucose are produced after the modification of several molecules.
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A farm because you have to water the plants and crops and give animals water
Answer:
Natural selection is the process of which forms of life having traits that better enable them to adapt to specific environmental pressures, such as predators, changes in climate, or even competition for food or mates. As the species will tend to survive and reproduce in greater numbers than others of their kind, thus ensuring the perpetuation of those favorable traits in succeeding generations.
Interphase in the cell cycle encompasses the G1, S, and G2 phases, as it shows the period of growth and DNA replication that a cell must go through to prepare for mitosis. Cell division, which occurs during the M phase, is the only portion of the cell cycle that is not included in interphase.
