Kipling was addressing the Americans, who were colonizing the Philippines
1. they formed a new type of city government by replacing their mayor and city council. 2. Commission government is 5 selected commissioners make laws for the city. 3. Primary election is when voters choose candidates.
The second World War greatly reshaped ideas about national identity in America, especially for first-generation immigrants, second-generation immigrants, and African-Americans. During the war - and in the midst of the war effort - immigrants and African-Americans were welcomed into the armed services and, also, in areas of production where support was needed. Many Americans, during this time, were able to somewhat relax or surrender their prejudices. Also, for immigrants and African-Americans, they often felt they were part of American industry and service for the first time.
They created the united nations so that they can arrange things so that another war doesnt start I believe but its the united nations