Federalism refers to the transfer of power from the central authority to the smaller unit that works under it.
United states consist of the Federal government and the states government. The power currently held by the states government were given by the Feds so the states can regulate/manage their own states. But the federal government can override the states' power anytime.
It is a term that refers to the idea that Western people had a duty to civilize so-called “inferior” or nonwhite cultures. It was used to justify the European imperialism during the late nineteenth century.
I believe your answer is dissenting opinion. "an opinion<span> in a legal case in certain legal systems written by one or more judges expressing disagreement with the </span>majority opinion<span> of the court which gives rise to its judgment."</span>
