Most slaves brought to America from Africa were purchased from black slave Owners
The civil service system is much better than the alternative, which was Patronage. as implemented by the Hoover Commission. Civil service sets employment competence standards for hiring and makes working a permanent career, not just until the next election. it was so outstandingly successful, that virtually every state and community government follows it to large extent.
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The neutrality proclamation stated that the United States can't take sides with European countries that are at war.