The organism under study, which will be used to donate DNA for the analysis, is called the donor organism. The basic procedure is to extract and cut up DNA from a donor genome into fragments containing from one to several genes and allow these fragments to insert themselves individually into opened-up small autonomously replicating DNA molecules such as bacterial plasmids. These small circular molecules act as carriers, or vectors, for the DNA fragments. The vector molecules with their inserts are called recombinant DNA because they consist of novel combinations of DNA from the donor genome (which can be from any organism) with vector DNA from a completely different source (generally a bacterial plasmid or a virus). The recombinant DNA mixture is then used to transform bacterial cells, and it is common for single recombinant vector molecules to find their way into individual bacterial cells. Bacterial cells are plated and allowed to grow into colonies. An individual transformed cell with a single recombinant vector will divide into a colony with millions of cells, all carrying the same recombinant vector. Therefore an individual colony contains a very large population of identical DNA inserts, and this population is called a DNA clone. A great deal of the analysis of the cloned DNA fragment can be performed at the stage when it is in the bacterial host. Later, however, it is often desirable to reintroduce the cloned DNA back into cells of the original donor organism to carry out specific manipulations of genome structure and function.
Answer:
Explanation:
Paleontologists are scientists that study the history/existence of past lives by collecting and examining fossils. They use these fossils to determine the history and age an organism has existed. Fossils are remains of dead organisms (plants and animals) which serve as evidence of past lives that have existed on earth in the past. They could include bone remains or footprint of this animals.
Fossils (from bones) are however mostly incomplete because they decompose before they are "stored naturally" by sediments which covers them. When scientists discover this incomplete fossils, they are compared (if there has been similar fossils discovered before then) and are stored and transferred to the lab for examination. This examination includes anatomical comparison (to determine relatedness with other fossils/organisms), carbon dating (to determine age) and data comparison (which includes location and type of soil and habitat).
Biological factors that inhibit eating
Answer:
1
Explanation:
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Description
Dark matter is a form of matter thought to account for approximately 85% of the matter in the universe and about a quarter of its total mass–energy density or about 2.241×10−27 kg/m3. .
Answer:
Unbalanced force
Explanation:
This force usually causes a change in motion, an example of this is when two forces act in the same direction of an object, the net forces equals the sum of two forces.
