Answer: A. a disagreement between the states over representation in Congress.
The main disagreement was over whether representation would be the same for all states, or based on a state's population size. Then there was also a question, for basing representation on population size, about whether slaves counted in a state's population or not.
The Great Compromise and the Three-Fifths Compromise were worked out during the United States Constitutional Convention in 1787 in order to resolve these issues.
- The Great Compromise resolved a dispute between small population states and large population states. Initially, a unicameral (one-chamber) legislature was envisioned. The large population states wanted representation in Congress to be based on a state's population size. The smaller states feared this would lead to unchecked dominance by the big states; they wanted all states to receive the same amount of representation. The Great Compromise created a bicameral (two-chamber) legislature. Representation in the House of Representatives would be based on population. In the Senate, all states would have the same amount of representation, by two Senators.
- The Three-Fifths Compromise was a way of accounting (somewhat) for the population of slaves in states that permitted slavery. For taxation and representation purposes, the question was whether slaves should count in the population figures. (They were not considered voting citizens at that time.) The Three-Fifths Compromise said that three out of every five slaves could be counted when determining a state's population size for determining how many seats that state would receive in the House of Representatives.
This clearly repudiated the Supreme Court’s notorious 1857 Dred Scott decision, in which Chief Justice Roger Taney wrote that a Black man, even if born free, could not claim rights of citizenship under the federal constitution.
Both western europeans and latin american people could immigrate "freely" under that immigration act. The act was intended as a mean to limit the immigration of people whose ancestry was "non white", while increasing the number of "white" inmigrants to guarantee a more homogeneous population in the US. The first group of people was allowed to immigrate because many people living in the US came from the british islands, and in the case of latin american people, since they were a mixture of european and native american parents, they were considered as "white", too. People not allowed to immigrate under this act: asians and east europeans.
Different Regions, Different Jobs
The long coastline in New England allowed many people to take jobs in the fishing industry. The shipbuilding industry also grew. New England's many ports grew into cities. New England was a trade center.
