Answer:
A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea.
Answer:
there are 4: paracrine signaling, autocrine signaling, endocrine signaling, and synaptic signaling
Explanation:
paracrine:cells that are near one another communicate through the release of chemical messengers
autocrine: a cell signals to itself, releasing a ligand that binds to receptors on its own surface
endocrine:When cells need to transmit signals over long distances, they often use the circulatory system as a distribution network for the messages they send.
synaptic: nerve cells transmit signals. The junction between two nerve cells where signal transmission occurs.
Answer:
Avirulent.
Explanation:
VIRULENCE is the ability of a pathogenic organism to infects the host, leading to damages or death of the host. The extent of these virulent effect depends on certain chemical substances ( called Virulence factors) produced during the pathogenic processes.
The virulence effects is achieved due to the ability of the virulent factor to disrupt the entire physiological mechanisms of the organisms; e,g crop plants; though suppression of the host immune response, disruptions of the immune mechanisms, colonization of the host DNA structure etc. Therefore the pathogenic effects suppressed the host resistance and spread throughout the host body system.
In this present scenario, the pathogenic effect of the likable bacteria; is not virulent, because
none of the d crop pant is completely diseased.
the nascent intenodes and leaves are growing to usual size.
Consequently, the physiological and the morphological features of the crop plants are still intact. Thus the infection is AVIRULENT.
