Answer:
: Notice the rate of diffusion increases as the concentration gradient increases. If the concentration of molecules outside the cell is very high relative to the internal cell concentration, the rate of diffusion will also be high.
The first line of defense in plants is an intact and impenetrable barrier composed of bark and a waxy cuticle. Both protect plants against herbivores. Other adaptations against herbivores include hard shells, thorns (modified branches), and spines (modified leaves).
Binary fission and budding (not too sure what fragmentation is other than in chemistry in terms of mass spectrometry)
