The answer is the first one.
In "Writers often disavow the notion of a 'literary duty'" the author conveys a somewhat condescending attitude, as if they would always follow this and set aside anyone who said otherwise. This attitude says the author is looking down on them, and that the author believes that many authors do not meet their standards.
Another answer I would consider is "...writers ruined by their shrill commitments." However, there is no context or clear tone. The author could be mournful of the lost potential for all we know.
Answer: D. Updating the line of reasoning in the final paragraph to acknowledge Gallup's contrasting perspective and respond to it.
Explanation:
The options include:
Removing the quotation by Redouan Bshary because his conclusions are at odds with Gallup's
B. Changing the thesis statement to argue that the study was faulty because it did not follow Gallup's methodology
C. Incorporating Gallup's response into the first paragraph after describing his original study on Chimpanzees
D. Updating the line of reasoning in the final paragraph to acknowledge Gallup's contrasting perspective and respond to it
E. Expanding on the description of the cleaner wrasse's penchant for eating parasites off other fish.
The change that the writer will need to make in order for this new information to work in the context of the overall argument the writer is making is to update the line of reasoning in the final paragraph to acknowledge Gallup's contrasting perspective and respond to it.
When this is done, it should be reliable to the readers which can be done by supporting the statement with facts.
<span>Freedom of expression is being open to one’s
voice to his/ her environment. Close family relationships is being connected
and bonded with your family members. Dedication to political struggle is
choosing to stay and play the politics no matter how hard it is. The pain of
growing up is the experiences you encounter when one grows up or matures.</span>
The word floundered generally mean struggled or went through great difficulty/troubles.
I say D , if you look up sagacious then it will tell you that it is good.
