1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
AVprozaik [17]
3 years ago
6

What efforts were taken to maintain peace in Europe during the 1920's

History
2 answers:
bulgar [2K]3 years ago
8 0

   

The idea of the League was grounded in the broad, international revulsion against the unprecedented destruction of the First World War and the contemporary understanding of its origins. This was reflected in all of Wilson’s Fourteen Points, which were themselves based on theories of collective security and international organization debated amongst academics, jurists, socialists and utopians before and during the war. After adopting many of these ideas, Wilson took up the cause with evangelical fervor, whipping up mass enthusiasm for the organization as he traveled to the Paris Peace Conference in January 1919, the first President to travel abroad in an official capacity.  

Wilson used his tremendous influence to attach the Covenant of the League, its charter, to the Treaty of Versailles. An effective League, he believed, would mitigate any inequities in the peace terms. He and the other members of the “Big Three,” Georges Clemenceau of France and David Lloyd George of the United Kingdom, drafted the Covenant as Part I of the Treaty of Versailles. The League’s main organs were an Assembly of all members, a Council made up of five permanent members and four rotating members, and an International Court of Justice. Most important for Wilson, the League would guarantee the territorial integrity and political independence of member states, authorize the League to take “any action…to safeguard the peace,” establish procedures for arbitration, and create the mechanisms for economic and military sanctions.  

Georges Clemenceau of France

The struggle to ratify the Treaty of Versailles and the Covenant in the U.S. Congress helped define the most important political division over the role of the United States in the world for a generation. A triumphant Wilson returned to the United States in February 1919 to submit the Treaty and Covenant to Congress for its consent and ratification. Unfortunately for the President, while popular support for the League was still strong, opposition within Congress and the press had begun building even before he had left for Paris. Spearheading the challenge was the Senate majority leader and chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee, Henry Cabot Lodge.  

Motivated by Republican concerns that the League would commit the United States to an expensive organization that would reduce the United States’ ability to defend its own interests, Lodge led the opposition to joining the League. Where Wilson and the League’s supporters saw merit in an international body that would work for peace and collective security for its members, Lodge and his supporters feared the consequences of involvement in Europe’s tangled politics, now even more complex because of the 1919 peace settlement. They adhered to a vision of the United States returning to its traditional aversion to commitments outside the Western Hemisphere. Wilson and Lodge’s personal dislike of each other poisoned any hopes for a compromise, and in March 1920, the Treaty and Covenant were defeated by a 49-35 Senate vote. Nine months later, Warren Harding was elected President on a platform opposing the League.  

Henry Cabot Lodge

The United States never joined the League. Most historians hold that the League operated much less effectively without U.S. participation than it would have otherwise. However, even while rejecting membership, the Republican Presidents of the period, and their foreign policy architects, agreed with many of its goals. To the extent that Congress allowed, the Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover administrations associated the United States with League efforts on several issues. Constant suspicion in Congress, however, that steady U.S. cooperation with the League would lead to de facto membership prevented a close relationship between Washington and Geneva. Additionally, growing disillusionment with the Treaty of Versailles diminished support for the League in the United States and the international community. Wilson’s insistence that the Covenant be linked to the Treaty was a blunder; over time, the Treaty was discredited as unenforceable, short-sighted, or too extreme in its provisions, and the League’s failure either to enforce or revise it only reinforced U.S. congressional opposition to working with the League under any circumstances. However, the coming of World War II once again demonstrated the need for an effective international organization to mediate disputes, and the United States public and the Roosevelt administration supported and became founding members of the new United Nations.

Lubov Fominskaja [6]3 years ago
8 0
The Paris Peace Conference convened in January 1919 at Versailles just outside Paris. The conference was called to establish the terms of the peace after World War I. Though nearly thirty nations participated, the representatives of the United Kingdom, France, the United States, and Italy became known as the “Big Four.” The “Big Four” dominated the proceedings that led to the formulation of the Treaty of Versailles, a treaty that ended World War I.

The Treaty of Versailles articulated the compromises reached at the conference. It included the planned formation of the League of Nations, which would serve both as an international forum and an international collective security arrangement. U.S. President Woodrow Wilson was a strong advocate of the League as he believed it would prevent future wars.
You might be interested in
What role did the Office of War Mobilization (OWM) play during World War II??
Svetlanka [38]
It publicized the jobs need to fill in in order to help win the war and keep our economy going  
4 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
The religious gatherings that took place during the Second Great Awakening were called _______ meetings. A. camp B. fort C. reli
GrogVix [38]
The correct answer is A. Camp 
4 0
3 years ago
identify and explain two outcomes of the implementation of the phoenician alphabet on the mediterranean region leading up to the
PtichkaEL [24]

Are you sure your question is correct? Because it is not chronologically logic. The implementation of the phoenician alphabet happened around 200 years after the collapse of the Bronze Age (c.a. 1200-1100 BC).

The collapse of the Bronze Age was one of the causes for the creation and success of Phoenician commerce, activity by which this civilization is famous for. It is not clear why, but around 1200 BC many civilizations ended abruptly. This vacuum of power created a new independence for many cities which made possible a new commerce system. Phoenicians traded with Mesopotamians, Greeks, and Egyptians. They had trading routes that reached Spain, the Atlantic Ocean and Britain. Trading lead to intercultural exchanges, so Phoenicians knew many types of writing, which they simplified to create their own alphabet (c.a. 1000 BC) based on sounds instead of symbols.  

The Phoenician alphabet was used to organize their colonies and trading contacts on the Mediterranean region. As this alphabet was simpler, writing was no longer limited to clergymen or scribes. It also influenced Greek alphabet which inspired the latter roman alphabet.  

6 0
3 years ago
Which continents were connected through the Silk Roads?
yuradex [85]

Answer:

the answer is east Asia and Southeast Asia with south Asia ,Persia ,the arabian Peninsula ,east Africa and southern Europe

4 0
3 years ago
What caused the colonists to declare independence?
sertanlavr [38]
The colonists requested/declared their independence from Britain due to the extreme taxes that were being imposed upon them.

I hope It helps!
5 0
3 years ago
Other questions:
  • What changed James town from hell on earth
    7·1 answer
  • Help asap. Please. I will give you a thanks. Tia
    7·1 answer
  • Write at least three values and illustrates that are
    12·1 answer
  • The Great Lakes are part of what sub region?
    15·2 answers
  • Hey guys can someone help me with my history pls just click on my pfp bc nobody is helping me and I really need help
    5·2 answers
  • The teacher Cimabue has been referred to as the last great painter of the Italian Byzantine style. He is one of the most importa
    6·1 answer
  • Democritus, Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, and Bohr all had major accomplishments in uncovering the fundamental building blocks of
    5·2 answers
  • Which factor enabled Mississippi's First Nations to establish large settlements?
    13·1 answer
  • Battle of Hampton roads results
    10·1 answer
  • What skill or knowledge do you most likely have because of the Islamic Golden Age? Explain why?
    14·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!