Answer:
B. In the real world, random and unpredictable events occur, so the Lotka-Volterra parameters vary over time
Explanation:
Lotka-Volterra equations are mathematical models that explain biological prey-predator interactions among two species, considering the following assumptions,
-
The ecosystem is isolated and closed. There is no migration.
- The whole individuals are reproductively equivalent.
- In the absence of the predator, prey shows an exponential growth rate. The prey is in the ideal environment.
- In the absence of the prey, the predator population decreases exponentially. The predator environment is also ideal, but it is limited by the prey density.
- The predation rate is proportional to the encounters rate, which also depends on density.
- The predators affect the prey populations, making it decrease proportionally to the number of prey and predators present.
- The prey population also influence the predator population, proportionally to the number of encounters between the two species.
In these equations, the variable D is the number of predators, and P the number of preys.
The parameters are always constant:
- a1: predator hunting success.
- r2: predator growth rate.
- a2: the success of the predator in hunting and feeding.
In nature, there are many factors affecting interactions. Dense-dependent factors and dense-independent factors. Also in reality there are stochastic factors. <em>Stochasticity refers to the variability in the system involving those factors that are affecting or influencing the population growth. Stochasticity might be related to good years and bad years for population growth.</em>
In a real situation, the compliance of the whole assumptions does not occur. The previously mentioned constants might vary, changing continuously the interaction among the predator and the prey. These parameters change in different degrees, resulting in different circumstances for both species.
Answer:
Transparent objects allow all the light to pass through them. Opaque ones allow no light to pass through. Translucent allows light to go through but the area in it is no visible to determine the object
Explanation:
Think of Transparent as a window u can see straight through it is clear.Think of Translucent as a window with cold fog on the window light can come through it but you can't see whats outside.Think of Opaque as a black chalkboard light reflect on it but light cannot go through it
This is true.
An easy way to remember this is that Cis-acting elements are physically linked to a set of structural genes. So promoters and operators are physically linked to the gene they express. They are cis acting because they are on the same strand as the structural gene they control.
On the other side, trans means that they can come from somewhere else and act. A good example of this would be regulatory proteins. These could be expressed somewhere else (or on a different strand) and then bind and affect transcription.
Plant Cell and Animal Cell:
- both eukaryotic
- have membrane bound organelles:
- Both have nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasm, golgi apparatus (or golgi body), ribosomes, and cell membranes.
- Both go through cellular respiration
Plant Cell Only:
- Cell wall
- Large central vacuole
- Chloroplasts
- Goes through two processes, cellular respiration and photosynthesis
- Autotrophs
Animal Cell Only:
- Lysosomes
- Only go through the process of cellular respiration
- Heterotrophs
Hope I helped! :)
D) to allow mature leaves to increase in size
