Answer:
B) shipbuilding
C) early discoveries
D) famous explorers
These topics would be helpful when writing about sixteenth-century journeys to the New World. Shipbuilding was a significant element of these journeys, as the countries with better shipbuilding skills were the ones that dominated the oceans. Early discoveries are also significant to discuss, as they often led to increasing the exploration efforts. Finally, the study of famous explorers can help us understand many of the motivations behind exploration. Air travel and satellite technology, however, had not been invented at that point in history.
Dispose of, throw away, throw out, clear out, discard, scrap, dump, jettison, divest oneself of
You didn't italize or mark the phrase, but I see one good candidate:
"The circus animal trainer" is in a way another name given to Mervin, a kind of "renaming" him: this is called an appositive phrase, so if this was the phrase appositive phrase is the answer! (also, I don't see the other phrases here).
In this situation, Huck is trying to be impressive. He is trying to get the point across that he is funny and "cool". This lie is not only the one of a kind for Huck, but also one where he tries to push his reputation past its limits.