The part where it talks about Tom believing the storm hit to insinuate that God’s wrath was directed at him, is where we see that the storm represents Tom’s conscience. Hope this helps.
I'm pretty sure it's a dependent clause. Hope this helps!
I would say this essay is mainly philosophical about the differences between French and Englishmen and that trying to imitate the other is foolish because it is done without a true deep understanding of the other. For example the snobbishness of some of the English is only one of their characteristics which is partly ameliorated by their kindness, among other things.
Answer:
I don't know
I wish I could tell you but I don't know it it is very hard to do my brain