Neither, because the power dynamic shifted between the church and the kings.
In the Middle Ages, the powerful figures in the church and royal families competed for authority. A key example would be the investiture controversy between Holy Roman Emperors and the papacy during the 11th and 12th centuries. "Investiture" (from Latin) refers to putting someone "in the robe" or vestments of clergy. Reforms instituted during the tenure of Pope Gregory VII (in office 1073 - 1085) aimed to remove secular rulers' authority to appoint bishops within their territories, and have all control of appointment to church offices held by the church's leadership. Pope Gregory VII and Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV had a famous struggle with each other over that issue, and the struggle continued between their successors as emperor and pope.
A similar struggle took place at the end of the 13th century and first years of the 14th century, between King Philip IV of France and Pope Boniface VIII. Philip was seeking tax revenues from the clergy and the lands they controlled in France, and the pope vehemently opposed this. Boniface issued a famous papal bull,<em> Unam Sanctam,</em> threatening Philip with excommunication. In response, Philip went as far as sending soldiers to Rome to attack the pope.
So, you can see that powerful popes and kings vied with one another during the medieval era.
It's B so they can reduce the risk of war by maintaining a strong deterrent and by seeking genuine arms control.
Answer:
Daoism does not name a tradition constituted by a founding thinker, even though the common belief is that a teacher named Laozi originated the school and wrote its major work, called the Daodejing, also sometimes known as the Laozi.
Answer: a
Explanation: because they had to stay home for theyre families
The correct answer is B) The Soviet Union is responding to U.S. pressure.
Reagan suggests that "The Soviet Union is responding to U.S. pressure."
In his speech of 1987, where United States President Ronald Reagan made references to the Berlin Wall, he also talked about the kinds of reformations instilled by Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev.
Reagen said the following: <em>"We hear much from Moscow about a new policy of reform and openness. Some political prisoners have been released. Certain foreign news broadcasts are no longer being jammed. Some economic enterprises have been permitted to operate with greater freedom from state control."</em>
He referred to Glasnost, the new Soviet reformation that granted some liberties to Russians, and Perestroika, the economic reformation that allowed foreign investment in the Soviet Union. Year later. these two programs were direct causes of the split of the Soviet Union.
