Indian astronomy was influenced by Greek astronomy beginning in the 4th century BCE and through the early centuries of the Common Era, for example by the Yavanajataka and the Romaka Siddhanta, a Sanskrit translation of a Greek text disseminated from the 2nd century.
The answer would be the first one because during the Nullification Crisis, he sided with the south and agreed with them that they shouldn't have to follow a law they believed to be unconstitutional.
