I believe the answer is A) Logging, but I'm not 100% sure.
In ideal conditions, the one person one vote idea would make an ideal way for democracy. Each person votes and the votes are treated equally and we get a good democratic process. However, gerrymandering influences this because you organize the districts in such a way that unwanted votes are outnumbered by wanted votes. For example, there is a huge African-American community that could affect the statewide electoral voting. Since racist people would like to disenfranchise the voters, they would draw the districts in such a way that the huge African-American community loses its power through being separated into various smaller groups where other votes outnumber them.
A)
b8(2b)4
Expand the expression where needed.
b8 * 2b * 2b * 2b * 2b
When we multiply, add exponents of common bases. Multiply the coefficients.
16b12
b)
Do the same. Since we have division, we divide the coefficients and subtract the exponents of common bases.
