Political upheaval in Germany caused people to seek freedom elsewhere wasn't the reason
Answer: Gold rush
Explanation: in 1848 james w. Marshall found gold at sutters mill in coloma, California The news of gold brought approx 300,000 people to California(aka Western frontier) from The rest of the United States and abroad. Including immigrants
Generally speaking, Sparta used "the government" to control its citizens, although it should be noted that a major part of this government control came from the military.
