B. Martin Luther. Not to be mistaken with Martin Luther King
In the Spanish colonies in America the colonists created a kind of caste system based on ethnic hierarchy which of course put the Spaniards on top. The rest of ethnic groups ranked based on their resemblance of the Spaniards so for example the Indians would be ranked higher than Blacks as they more resembled the Spaniards.
President Hoover believe that the federal government should stay out of the affairs of the people, and did next to nothing in regards to the suffering of the people in yeb Great Depression.
Answer: b) raise the discount rate and buy securities