The London-Smog occurs mostly in winter and is a mix of gaseous and solid aerosoles as well as natural fog. The Los-Angeles smog is dry, and formed mostly during sunny and hot weather conditions.
The correct answer to this open question is the following.
Although there are no options attached, we can say the following.
The reasons why Napoleon might have had for selling the Louisiana Territory to the United States could have been the following.
Experts agree on two basic reasons for French Emperor Napoleon decided to sell the huge Louisiana territory to the United States. The first reason, France needed a lot of money. It had deep debts as a result of many wars. Secondly, the Lousiana territory was immense and was too far away from France, so it was very difficult to defend.
These circumstances were an advantage to President Thomas Jefferson, who sent James Madison to help Robert Livingston (the Minister to France) in order to accelerate the negotiations to close the Louisiana Purchase in 1803.
Concerns about the effects of media on consumers and the existence and extent of media bias go back to the 1920s. Reporter and commentator Walter Lippmann noted that citizens have limited personal experience with government and the world and posited that the media, through their stories, place ideas in citizens’ minds. These ideas become part of the citizens’ frame of reference and affect their decisions. Lippmann’s statements led to the hypodermic theory, which argues that information is “shot” into the receiver’s mind and readily accepted.[1]
Yet studies in the 1930s and 1940s found that information was transmitted in two steps, with one person reading the news and then sharing the information with friends. People listened to their friends, but not to those with whom they disagreed. The newspaper’s effect was thus diminished through conversation. This discovery led to the minimal effects theory, which argues the media have little effect on citizens and voters.[2]
By the 1970s, a new idea, the cultivation theory, hypothesized that media develop a person’s view of the world by presenting a perceived reality.[3] What we see on a regular basis is our reality. Media can then set norms for readers and viewers by choosing what is covered or discussed.
In the end, the consensus among observers is that media have some effect, even if the effect is subtle. This raises the question of how the media, even general newscasts, can affect citizens. One of the ways is through framing: the creation of a narrative, or context, for a news story. The news often uses frames to place a story in a context so the reader understands its importance or relevance. Yet, at the same time, framing affects the way the reader or viewer processes the story.
Episodic framing occurs when a story focuses on isolated details or specifics rather than looking broadly at a whole issue. Thematic framing takes a broad look at an issue and skips numbers or details. It looks at how the issue has changed over a long period of time and what has led to it. For example, a large, urban city is dealing with the problem of an increasing homeless population, and the city has suggested ways to improve the situation. If journalists focus on the immediate statistics, report the current percentage of homeless people, interview a few, and look at the city’s current investment in a homeless shelter, the coverage is episodic. If they look at homelessness as a problem increasing everywhere, examine the reasons people become homeless, and discuss the trends in cities’ attempts to solve the problem, the coverage is thematic. Episodic frames may create more sympathy, while a thematic frame may leave the reader or viewer emotionally disconnected and less sympathetic.
Also known as the Warsaw Pact invasion of <span>Czechoslovakia, it was known as Operation Danube when over an army of 250,000 invaded the country.
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The Army consisted of troops from Poland, Soviet Union, Hungary, East Germany and Bulgaria.
The invasion was conducted to ensure the 'Prague Spring' reforms do not come into effect and that the Community Party in C<span>zechoslovakia, which was friendly to Soviet Union, remained powerful and influential.
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</span><span>However, the invasion was unpopular within the country and a passive-aggressive reaction was seen from the local population. Non-violent acts such as, food, water, and other resources were denied and anti-Warsaw pact graffiti welcomed the soldiers everywhere they went.
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</span><span>There were also negative reactions from around the world and even within the Warsaw pact itself.
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