Between the 1920s and 1930s, the Harlem Renaissance was an artistic and cultural rebirth in African American music, dance, painting, fashion, literature, theatre, and politics based on Harlem, Manhattan, New York City. It was dubbed the "New Negro Movement" at the time, after The New Negro, a 1925 anthology compiled by Alain Locke. The campaign has involved emerging African-American cultural expressions in metropolitan centers throughout the Northeast and Midwest of the United States, which were influenced by a revived militancy in the general fight for civil rights for African-Americans in the aftermath of civil rights struggles in the then-still-segregated US Armed Forces in WWI and which arose in the aftermath of civil rights struggles in the then-still-segregated US Armed

The NAACP, the Garveyite movement, and the Russian Revolution were all influential, as was the Great Migration of African-American workers fleeing the racist conditions of the Jim Crow Deep South, with Harlem serving as the final destination for the majority of those who migrated north.

Though it was based in Harlem, many francophone black authors from African and Caribbean colonies who lived in Paris were also inspired by the movement, which lasted from around 1918 to the mid-1930s Formalized paraphrase Many of the concepts lasted even longer. The Harlem Renaissance was also the pinnacle of this "flowering of Negro literature," as James Weldon Johnson liked to call it.

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