Answer:
Desmosomes
Explanation:
Desmosomes are cellular structures that adhere to neighboring cells. Its function is to hold the epithelial cells together, associating the intermediate filament cytoskeletons of neighboring cells, thus forming a transcellular network with high resistance to mechanical traction. It thus allows the cells to maintain their shape and the epithelial sheet to exist in a stable form. Inside cells act as anchoring sites for intermediate rope-shaped filaments, which form a structural network in the cytoplasm providing a certain rigidity. Through these junctions the intermediate filaments of the adjacent cells are indirectly connected forming a continuous network that extends throughout the tissue.
Answer:
Gluconeogenesis is blocked due to pyruvate dehydrogenase complex inhibition, which starves neurological tissue of glucose.
Explanation:
Metabolism is involved directly or indirectly in all processes conducted in living cells. The brain, popularly viewed as a neuronal–glial complex, gets most of its energy from the oxygen-dependent metabolism of glucose, and the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) plays a key regulatory role during the oxidation of glucose. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (also called PDC kinase or PDK) is a kinase that regulates glucose metabolism by switching off PDC. Four isoforms of PDKs with tissue specific activities have been identified. The metabolisms of neurons and glial cells, especially, those of astroglial cells, are interrelated, and these cells function in an integrated fashion. The energetic coupling between neuronal and astroglial cells is essential to meet the energy requirements of the brain in an efficient way. Accumulating evidence suggests that alterations in the PDKs and/or neuron-astroglia metabolic interactions are associated with the development of several neurological disorders. Here, the authors review the results of recent research efforts that have shed light on the functions of PDKs in the nervous system, particularly on neuron-glia metabolic interactions and neuro-metabolic disorders.
The result of mitosis in a unicellular organism is: In unicellular organisms<span> such as bacteria, </span>mitosis<span> is a type of reproduction, making copies of a single cell.</span>