Question

What were former slaves called that entered into a farming agreement with their former slave owners where the plantation owner provided the former slave with a mule, tools and a plot of land.in return, the former slave would provide their former plantation owner with a portion of the harvested crops?

Answer 1

Freedmen.

After the Civil War, freed slaves did not receive equal citizenship. This was due to the fact that racism was still rampant within the United States. Essentially, freed slaves became very lowpaid workers on plantations. 

Answer 2

The answer is Sharecropper