Answer:
ATP production: reduced
Proton gradient: Dissipated
pH of the various mitochondrial compartments: pH of matrix will be reduced while that of the intermembrane space will be increased.
Explanation:
During oxidation of FADH2 and NADH, electrons are transferred through electron transport chain to the terminal electron acceptor, molecular oxygen. Electron transfer by the electrons carriers of electron transport chain is accompanied by the pumping of protons from matrix to the intermembrane space and generation of the proton concentration gradient. The proton concentration gradient drives ATP synthesis.
According to the given information, DNP shuttles protons from the intermembrane space into the matrix and thereby, lowers down the pH of the matrix making it more acidic with respect to intermembrane space. This would dissipate the proton concentration gradient and there will be reduced or no ATP production in the absence of the driving force.
Answer: Bacteria are much larger than viruses, and they are too large to be taken up by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Instead, they enter host cells through phagocytosis. Some pathogens, however, have acquired the ability to survive and replicate within macrophages after they have been phagocytosed.
Explanation: This is my answer
Stomata allow for gas exchange on a leaf.
xylem and phloem are tissues that transport water and food throughout the plant.
pollen tubes transport the sperm to the egg.
<span>the answer is all of the above</span>
Isn’t that like tectonic palges
