Mutations are random. Mutations can be beneficial, neutral, or harmful for the organism, but mutations do not "try" to supply what the organism "needs." Factors in the environment may influence the rate of mutation but are not generally thought to influence the direction of mutation.
Answer:
1)
- frequencies of light-colored mice ≅ 0.74
- frequencies of dark-colored mice ≅ 0.26
2)
- frequencies of light-colored mice ≅ 0.13
- frequencies of dark-colored mice ≅ 0.87
3)
- q² = 0.74
- p² = 0.02
- 2pq = 0.24
4)
- q² = 0.13
- p² = 0.4
- 2pq = 0.46
5)
The dark-colored fur seems to have the greatest overall selective advantage
6)
Dark lava, that changed the color of the substrate, from light to dark.
7)
Because to produce dark color, animals from the different regions suffered different mutations that drove them to have almost the same dark fur color. All of the animals are inhabiting dark substrate, which means that this environmental condition is favoring the same phenotype.
8)
To see if the mice population is evolving, you need to take a sample of animals per year, through many years, and analyze if it is changing or not. If the population is evolving, you will notice a change in the allelic and genotypic frequencies over the years, favoring one genotype or the other. If the population is not evolving, the frequencies will keep equal through the years, it will not change.
Explanation:
Due to technical problems, you will find the complete explanation in the attached files.
Answer:
The environmental factor that could lead to a decrease in genetic variation in a tuna population is an increase in pollution (second option).
Explanation:
There is a correlation between genetic variability and environmental pollution, the latter being a factor that impacts negatively on the variability of a specific population.
The concept of pollution stress not only implies a low rate of reproduction, but it is also a factor that prevents genetic exchange with other populations, which is a factor that makes the genetic variability decrease in a population.
For these reasons an increase in pollution implies a decrease in genetic variability in a tuna population.
- <em>Other options, such as </em><u><em>an increase in food availability</em></u><em>, a</em><u><em> decrease in tuna fishing
</em></u><em> or </em><u><em>a decrease in tuna predators</em></u><em>, are environmental factors that contribute to increased genetic variability.</em>
