Capitalism replacing mercantilism as dominant POLITICAL philosophy was not a characteristic of the Industrial Revolution.
The Industrial Revolution brought a lot of improvements to society. During this era, a lot of goods were produced in mass amounts because of the advancement in machinery. The Industrial Revolution also caused massive urbanization as building structures became a lot faster due to this revolution.
 
        
                    
             
        
        
        
increased urbanization which led to expansion
 
        
             
        
        
        
Answer:
Split US allegiance--During World War I, the US people were split on who to help and the same was true for Jefferson and Madison during the Napoleonic Wars between Britain and France.
Jefferson and Madison attempted to remain neutral in the conflict between Britain and France during the Napoleonic Wars because NE had a trade relationship with Britain but many believed the US owed an alliance to France after they helped during the Revolution. 
Wilson faced a similar issue as immigration had created a diverse US population with support on both sides of World War I. Creating an alliance with either side could split the country and create problems within the US. 
 
        
             
        
        
        
The country that Japanese fought was China.
The word ''Sino" could be frequently spotted in Historic events around 90s, especially when the other countries were involved. Sino means Chinese, and whenever "sino-(country)" is found, it would means that China was involved.
Therefore the country is China.
Hope it helps!
 
        
             
        
        
        
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