Alien and Sedition Acts and XYZ Affair
Explanation:
- John Adams was an American politician and statesman, a representative of the Independence Movement and the second President of the United States.
- Adams, who distinguished himself in Boston as one of the most respected jurists, became a member of the Continental Congress in 1774. Two years later, he was one of the signatories and key authors of the American Declaration of Independence. Participated in the signing of the Peace of Paris (1783).
- He was the first US ambassador to London from 1785 to 1788. When George Washington was elected the first American president in 1789, John Adams became its vice president.
- As a member of the Federalist Party in 1797 he ran for presidential election, defeated his opponent, Thomas Jefferson, and thus became the second president of the United States.
- At the beginning of his political career he was a fighter for equality, but after that he became a supporter of the introduction of the rule of the wealthy bourgeoisie and hereditary nobility.
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Allan Bakke had been the subject of a case involving <u>“reverse discrimination” </u>during the carter administration.
In 1978 Allan Bakke applied for admission at medical school and it was declined twice by the University of California, so Bakke filed a suit against the University arguing that he had better scores than the minority groups that were granted access.
At that time, the university had reserved a quota of 16%, as part of affirmative action program, to minority groups. Affirmative action program was designed to provide better educational and employment opportunities to those groups.
In this legal case, Bakke claimed that the use of quota based on race was unfair “reverse discrimination” as according the Civil Right Act, equal protection should be given to all citizens. The Supreme Court, in a highly controversial case, ordered that the university should admit Bakke and declared that affirmative action was constitutional but could not be used in cases of race quotas.
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