Scientists<span> can tell by observing the seismic waves that are recorded all over the surface of the </span>earth<span> from distant earthquakes. The seismic waves are reflected (bounced off) </span>layers<span> of different density, and they are refracted (bent) when they enter </span>layers<span> of different density.</span>
The Andes have formed as a result of a subduction zone while the Himalayas have formed as a result of a convergent plate boundary.
Temperature and density increases from the crust to the core.
It's a Horned lizard because of its scorching of water