A.) Dream memories and fall leaves are being compared in the simile.
For what though. Is there something there I need to see to answer the question?
Well, it's a subjective thing. For me this type of attack ain't leads to a better life because after that it will take form of some kind of phobia which will inhibit further growth in that direction.
Posttraumatic growth is a kind of development take place after a sudden attack on life. In a very narrow cases this type of growth is seen but in most of them it is life threatening.
Sentences 2, 3, and 4, best elude that Divine Providence was involved in the fate of Plymouth's Colony.
The first sentence is filler information that does not talk about God or Divine Providence at all