The pen most likely contains insulin because insulin is a hormone that decreases blood sugar level and is taken in the form of injection by type i diabetic people
Simple carbohydrates are good for you. Your body can break them down and they are good sources of nutrients. Complex carbohydrates are things that aren’t necessarily as good for you. It takes longer for your body to break them down.
This could lead to an altering of the proteins tertiary structure which could make the protein non functioning (if cytosine didn’t attach to it) or give it a different function.