The Early Middle Ages in Europe (500-1000 A.D.) are often called the Dark Ages because literacy and education declined.
Apartheid is specifically associated with South Africa - when there is a question mentioning this word, it's very likely that it's connected to this country. South Africa is also the correct answer here. Apartheid ended in 1994 and 1997 is the year when the new Constitution came into power.
The first president was C. George Washington.
Answer:
The six essential elements are as follows:
The World in Spatial Terms: How are things spaced out, why are they spaced out that way
Places & Regions: Specific areas and what defines them.
Physical Systems: Physical Geography(mountains, rivers, etc)
Human Systems: Populations and how they interact (cultures, religions, economic activities, migration and their movements)
Environment and Society: I don't think this one needs an explanation
The Uses of Geography: Just as the name of this implies it's how geography is used.
It was the 13th Amendment