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grin007 [14]
2 years ago
7

Mike gets along with his co-workers and is always helpful to the clients. He demonstrates good _____.

Computers and Technology
2 answers:
pishuonlain [190]2 years ago
5 0
I think the answer is A
Blizzard [7]2 years ago
5 0
A thank for the point
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The first version of the SMTP protocol was defined in RFC 821. The current standard for SMTP is defined in RFC 5321 considering
valentinak56 [21]

Answer:

The following are the explanation for each command, with the SMTP protocol considering only RFC 821.

Explanation:

The key commands of the SMTP protocols which take the RFC 821 into account are as follows:

HELLO -  

A client receives that order to describe himself  

HELP-  

It asks by the receivers to submit the command information as argument  

QUIT -  

It is used to terminate the message.  

-FROM MAIL  

The clients use it to acknowledge the message's sender.  

NOOP -  

The client does not use any procedure to verify the receiver status as required by the receiver's reply form.  

RCPT-  

The user needs it to determine the intended beneficiary.  

SAML-  

It sends or ends the specific mail which is sent to the mailbox or the SAML

RESET-  

The existing email transaction is aborted.  

SEND- The mail to be sent by the recipient's terminal, not its mailbox, is specified.  

TURN-  

It allows the sender to change position and recipients.  

VRFY-  

Verification checks the recipient's address.

 

7 0
3 years ago
One of the earlier applications of crypto-graphic hash functions was the storage of passwords to authenticate usersin computer s
vagabundo [1.1K]

Answer: provided in the explanation part.

Explanation:

This is actually quite long but nevertheless i will make it as basic as possible.

Question (a)  

Attack A:

One way property of hash means that we can't find the input string if given the hash value. The calculation of hash from input string is possible but it is not possible to calculate the input string when given the hash. If the hash function is properly created to have one-way property then there is no way of finding the exact input string. So this attack won't work as the one-way property of hash function can't be broken if the hash function is properly created.

Attack B:

Suppose h() is the hash function. And h(x) = m where x is the string and m is the hash. Then trying to find another string y such that h(y) = m is called finding out the second pre-image of the hash.

Although we can't know the exact initial string for sure, we can by using brute force method find out a second preimage.

This attack will take a very long time. It has the time complexity of 2n. It requires the attacker to have an idea about the kind of passwords that might be used and then brute force all of them to find the string that has the same hash. Each try will have a chance of 1/2n to succeed.

Rainbow attack using rainbow table is often used for such brute-force attack. This comprises a rainbow table which contains passwords and their pre-hashed values.

Therefore, it is not possible to determine the second preimages of h so easily.

Attack C:

Collisions refer to finding out m and m' without knowing any of them. Finding out collisions is easier than finding preimages. This is because after finding out 2n pairs of input/output. The probability of two of them having the same output or hash becomes very high. The disadvantage is that we can't decide which user's hash to break. However, if I do not care about a particular user but want to get as many passwords as possible, then this method is the most feasible.

It has the time complexity of 2n/2.

Hence, this is the attack which has the most success rate in this scenario.

Question (b)

The brute force way of finding out the password usually involves using a rainbow attack. It comprises a rainbow table with millions of passwords and their hashes already computed. By matching that table against the database, the password can be recovered.

Therefore it is often preferred to salt the password. It means we add some random text to the password before calculating the hash.

The salts are usually long strings. Although users usually do not select long passwords, so a rainbow table with hashes of smaller passwords is feasible. But once salt is used, the rainbow table must accommodate for the salt also. This makes it difficult computationally. Although password might be found in the rainbow table. The salt can be anything and thus, make brute-force a LOT more difficult computationally.

Therefore salt is preferred to be added to passwords before computing their hash value.

Question (c)

A hash output length of 80 means there can be exactly 280 different hash values. This means there is at least one collision if 280+1 random strings are hashed because 280 values are used to accommodate all the possible strings. It is not hard with today's computation power to do match against more than this many strings. And doing so increases the probability of exposing a probable password of a user.

Hence, 80 is not a very secure value for the hash length.

cheers i hope this helps!!!!

6 0
3 years ago
Software that people commonly use in the workplace to make their lives easier is called
Lorico [155]
Software that people commonly use in the workplace to make their lives easier is called system software.
4 0
3 years ago
An organization is concerned with the amount of sensor data that is being generated locally, analyzed in the cloud, and returned
Sonja [21]

Answer:

Fog computing

Explanation:

Fog computing or fogging is an decentralized architecture that resides between the cloud and the data source. Fog brings the cloud closer to the data source, that is, it brings resource exploitation, security polices and operational cost closer to the data source.

In our scenario, with fogging in place, the generated sensor data will be preprocessed closer to the local site. The data will preprocessed faster and the quality of the processed data will be greatly increased.

3 0
3 years ago
A ________________ uses multiple systems to attack one or more victim systems or websites with the intent of denying service to
Advocard [28]

Answer:

4. A Denial of Service attack (DDOS attack).

Explanation:

A DDOS attack is a malicious attempt to disrupt the normal traffic to a service.

In essence, it sends an enormous amount of requests to the service, until the server is overwhelmed because it can't handle that much traffic, and collapses in an overflow.

Thus, regular users are not able to access their services.

Usually, attackers use a botnet, a network of "zombie" computers that have been previously infected with a malware that allows the attacker to remotely control them, then the botnet starts to send a flood of traffic from different locations, and make the attacker difficult to detect or track.

6 0
3 years ago
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