Top-down effects imply control through predation, including fishery, while
bottom-up effects imply control through food abundance, often thought to be driven by climate or nutrient load.
<h3>What is Top down regulation ?</h3>
The top-down effect refers to a higher trophic level influences the community structure of a lower trophic level through predation.
<h3>What is Bottom up regulation ?</h3>
The bottom-up effect means that a lower trophic level in the biological network affects the community structure of higher trophic levels by means of resource restriction
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The answer is C.
Transgenic means that one or more DNA sequences from another species has been introduced by artificial means. For example, animals usually are made transgenic by having a small sequence of DNA injected into a fertilized egg or developing embryo. Transgenic plants can be made by introducing foreign DNA into a variety of different tissues.
Most transgenic organisms are generated in the laboratory for research purposes. Others have been developed for commercial purposes such as golden rice that has been modified to produce beta-carotene, the precursor to vitamin A.
Answer:
<h2> AA
</h2>
Explanation:
1. A restriction enzyme, restriction endonuclease, an enzyme that cleaves DNA into small fragments at or near specific recognition sites (different restriction enzyme has different restriction site) within molecules known as restriction sites.
2. Restriction enzymes are found in archaea and bacteria.
3 And in bacteria and archaea they provide a defence mechanism against invading viruses.
4. Each restriction enzyme cut at the specific site, because each restriction enzyme have specific recognition site.
The purpose of mitosis is cell regeneration, growth, and asexual reproduction,while the purpose of meiosis is the production of gametes for sexual reproduction. Mitosis is a single nuclear division that results in two nuclei that are usually partitioned into two new daughter cells. The nuclei resulting from a mitotic division are genetically identical to the original nucleus. They have the same number of sets of chromosomes, one set in the case of haploid cells and two sets in the case of diploid cells. In most plants and all animal species, it is typically diploid cells that undergo mitosis to form new diploid cells. In contrast, meiosis consists of two nuclear divisions resulting in four nuclei that are usually partitioned into four new haploid daughter cells. The nuclei resulting from meiosis are not genetically identical and they contain one chromosome set only. This is half the number of chromosome sets in the original cell, which is diploid.
To test for the keystone species hypothesis, the wolves in another region can be removed or trees can be reintroduced to see the effect on the ecosystem.
<h3>What is a keystone species?</h3>
A keystone species is an organism whose existence defines an entire ecosystem such that them, the ecosystem would be severely affected or may not exist.
Trophic cascades are events which result in serious distortions in an ecosystem as a result of the removal or addition of a top predator.
To test for the hypothesis of keystone species and trophic cascades, the wolves in another region can be removed or trees can be reintroduced to see the effect on the ecosystem.
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