Innovation is the correct answer.
Robert Merton was an American sociologist who believed in the disjuntion between socially approved means to achieve cultural goals. So, he created five modes of combinations of goals and means, such as conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreating, and rebellion. He suggested that innovation was the one that could be associated with crime the most since it used unapproved (or unconventional) means to achieve goals or financial security. For instance, we find gangsters, drug dealers, thieves, and con artists in this category.
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Punished behavior changes behavior in all situations and the change is long lasting.
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Answer:
Political institutions are the organizations in a government which create, enforce, and apply laws. They often mediate conflict, make (governmental) policy on the economy and social systems, and otherwise provide representation for the population.
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