Hey there! I'm happy to help!
Personification is giving human like characteristics or actions to a non-human things.
Excerpt 1 just talks about how scary and awful the Red Death is, but it doesn't really make it seem human.
Excerpt 2 describes the Red Death like a really scary looking masked person looking thing, kind of like a scythe. The Red Death is a non-human thing though, but Poe is making it seem human. This is personification.
Excerpt 3 talks about a face, vesture, brow, etc. These are all things that humans usually have. This is a personification.
Excerpt 4 is just describing a scary place, but it doesn't really talk about anything human, and it doesn't seem to be talking about the Red Death at all.
Therefore, the answer is Excerpt 2 and Excerpt 3.
Have a wonderful day! :D
B) to show how a war tactic in literature became an internationally recognizable symbol
it is the cause because google said so.
