It is definitely A
Argumentative writing uses logic, persuasive uses emotion
The prepositional phrase would be "of the state". The word "of" is a preposition.
Examples of other prepositions: before, after, across, within, on, over, under, through, behind
A prepositional phrase has a preposition and a noun/pronoun after it.
Colliding like doomed galaxies ?
It means the scientific study of sight and the behavior of light, or the properties of transmission and deflection of other forms of radiation