<span>It signaled the end of the Gupta civilization. The Gupta civilization was a rich and very influential civilization but the attacks caused the empire to collapse shortly after. </span>
Afghanistan became an independent state when Amanullah established an alliance and signed a treaty of friendship with the Soviet Union. Hope this helps if you have any questions please feel free to message me;)
the abbreviation AD is an abbreviated time period that stands for Anno Domini or In the Year of the Lord.
