In 7th century A.D modern day Saudi Arabia.
The most immediate effect of the Vietnam War was the staggering death toll. The war killed an estimated 2 million Vietnamese civilians, 1.1 million North Vietnamese troops, 200,000 South Vietnamese troops, and 58,000 U.S. troops. Those wounded in combat numbered tens of thousands more. The massive U.S. bombing of both North and South Vietnam left the country in ruins, and the U.S. Army’s use of herbicides such as Agent Orange not only devastated Vietnam’s natural environment but also caused widespread health problems that have persisted for decades.
Answer:
Standard Oil became a horizontal integration monopoly because it owned ninety percent of US oil refineries. It became a monopoly because it bought almost all of the competitors so that it managed to control almost all oil production, processing, marketing, and transportation in the United States.
