Answer:
Methodology. Sociology, for Max Weber, is "a science which attempts the interpretive understanding of social action in order thereby to arrive at a causal explanation of its course and effects."
I believe the answer is one, I do not know much about Sputnik, but that seems to be the most logical option.
Answer:
The modern concept of Europe as a collection of independent states emerged.
Explanation:
What began as a conflict between Christians and Protestants, ended with the modern concept of the European state. The Thirty Year's War involved several countries and had as a catalyst the religious disputes arising from the 16th century Protestant reforms. Plus, there was a dispute for power and political hegemony that dive Europe into a long and complicated conflict. However, the results were positive, with the recognition of Europe as a group of independent states, and the beginning of our modern concept of Nation.
