When evolving, microorganisms such as harmful bacteria may develop a resistance to antibiotics. This means that the disease the bacteria in question cause will be harder to treat. This is quite bad since bacteria can pass on traits to other bacteria without even multiplying.
The flu virus is also a good example. Generally, the virus itself mutates quite frequently. This means that with each mutation the virus has a potential to gain a genetic trait which may cause more severe flu symptoms or a resistance to drugs/the antibodies our bodies produced to counter-attack the type of flu virus it has previously encountered.
Answer:
d. The normal bonding between the R groups has been disturbed and the protein loses its normal shape.
Explanation:
Denaturation is the loss of function of a protein due to its altered three-dimensional structure. To function properly, proteins must be present in a properly folded form. The three-dimensional structure and protein folding are mediated by weak interactions such as hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions, etc. An abrupt increase in temperature, pH or presence of some organic solvents causes protein denaturation.
The organic solvents target the hydrophobic interactions between the R groups of amino acids that make the core of globular protein stable. Extreme levels of pH target the net charge on proteins and thereby results in electrostatic repulsion between closely placed amino acids. Extremes of pH also disrupt the hydrogen bonding between the R groups of the amino acids. The effect is the loss of the three-dimensional structure of proteins, their partial or complete unfolding and loss of function.
Answer:
The brick
The brick has the greater mass, therefore has the greater density. The
particles in a brick are more tightly packed together. Density is an
indication of how tightly packed the particles in the substance are
