Answer:
Business monopolies.
Explanation:
In the late 19th century and early 20th, most companies were looking to form monopolies. By decreasing or nullifying the competition, the business's success was assured.
As an example, the Standard Oil Company, founded by John D. Rockefeller was one of the most powerful monopolies of its time. He was able to dictate fixed products, pay whatever wages he wanted to pay to workers, and controlled the market since his competitors weren't remotely close to his manufacturing levels.
However, it didn't lack opposition. in 1890 United States Senator John Sherman, attained the passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act in 1890, which allowed the Federal Government to break up any business who was in any way prohibiting competition. This act was widely used throughout the whole century, in the fight against monopolies.
India was controlled by England (British).
Both the Chinese and the Japanese felt that the Europeans were barbarians. They were particularly repelled by the smell of these foreigners who ate much fattier diets and who did not typically wash very often. They also felt the Europeans lacked subtlety and were rather crass in their behaviors.
The similarities, however, largely end there. The Chinese tried to simply ignore the Europeans. They were able to do this to some degree because the Europeans did not have anything they wanted. They were willing to take European silver in exchange for tea and otherwise leave the Europeans alone. This worked until around the time of the Opium Wars when the Europeans forced China to open itself more.
