Explanation:
D. E: photosynthesis; D: cellular respiration
Photosynthesis is a chemical pathway that’s integral to producing energy in plants and other primary producers. Energy in the form of molecules of glucose is produced from light, water and carbon dioxide while oxygen is released. This occurs in several complex steps, photosynthesis is a rate limited reaction, depends on several factors including carbon dioxide concentration, ambient temperature and light intensity; the energy is retrieved from photons, I.e. particles of light, and water is used as a reducing agent.
In the light reactions, occuring within the thykaloid, and stroma of the chloroplasts, water supplies the pigment chlorophyll with replacement electrons for the ones removed from photosystem II. Additionally, water (H2O) split by light during photolysis into H+ and OH- acts as a source of oxygen along with functioning as a reducing agent; it reduces the molecule NADP to NADPH by providing H+ ions. NADP and NADPH are integral to the dark reactions, or Calvin cycle where monosaccharides or sugars like glucose are produced after the modification of several molecules.
Respiration in the mitochondria utilizes oxygen for the production of ATP in the Krebs’s cycle via the oxidization of pyruvate (through the process of glycoysis). The electron transport chain, in which oxygen functions as the terminal electron acceptor, occurs in both plants and animals. Respiration includes:
- Glycolysis: occurs in the cytoplasm 2 molecules of ATP are used to cleave glucose into 2 pyruvates, 4 ATP and 2 electron carrying NADH molecules.
- The Kreb's cycle: in the mitochondrial matrix- 6 molecules of CO2 are produced by combining oxygen and the carbon within pyruvate, 2 ATP oxygen molecules, 8 NADH and 2 FADH2.
- The electron transport chain, ETC: in the inner mitochondrial membrane, 34 ATP, electrons combine with H+ split from 10 NADH, 4 FADH2, renewing the number of electron acceptors and 3 oxygen; this forms 6 H2O, 10 NAD+, 4 FAD.
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Answer/Explanation:
Pollution during the industrial revolution caused trees to become covered with soot, making them darker. This dark appearance meant that the peppered moth, which usually had a light colour, was clearly visible against the tree. This meant it was easier for predators to identify. As a result, their numbers decreased because they were an easier target.
However, there was also a rarer form of the moth, which was dark in colour. These were initially very rare. However, because of the change in the tree colour owing to the industrial revolution, these moths were better suited to the environment, as they were more camouflaged against the dark tree. This meant it was easier for them to avoid predators, and so they were more likely to survive to reproductive age and pass on the genes that produce the dark colour. This meant that the dark moths increased in number.
Flagelle - 4
Pseudopod - 2
Autotroph - 8
Prokaryote - 1
Heterotroph - 3
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Answer:
70 decibels and above can cause damage if heard for a long time
120 decibels and above is considered an immediate threat
Explanation:
The Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs ( INCSR ) will likely deal with such matters.
