Question

Suppose that a dominant allele (P) codes for a polka-dot tail and a recessive allele (p) codes for a solid colored tail. If two heterozygous individuals with polka-dot tails mate, what's the probability of the phenotype and genotype combinations of the offspring? A. 75 percent chance of a polka-dot tail and 25 percent chance of a solid colored tail (25 percent PP; 50 percent Pp; 25 percent pp) B. 50 percent chance of a polka-dot tail and 50 percent chance of a solid colored tail (50 percent PP; 50 percent pp) C. 25 percent chance of a polka-dot tail and 75 percent chance of a solid colored tail (25 percent PP; 50 percent Pp; 25 percent pp) D. 75 percent chance of a polka-dot tail and 25 percent chance of a solid colored tail (75 percent Pp; 25 percent pp)

Answer 1

Heterozygous means two alleles are different.  In this case, it means one is dominant (P) and the other one is recessive (p).
So genotype of both parents are Pp.

The problem can be solved quickly with a Punnett square:

           P             p
P       PP           Pp
p       Pp            pp

So genotype/phenotype
25%  PP    polka-dot tail
50%  Pp     polka-dot tail
25%  pp     solid-coloured tail

So for genotypes:
PP 25%
Pp  50%
pp  25%

For phenotypes:
75% polka-dot tail
25% solid-coloured tail