Part A
Plasmids are extracted from the bacteria
The plasmids are spliced at specific regions using restriction enzymes.
The cut plasmids are incubated with the novel gene and DNA ligase
Plasmids that will have incorporated the new gene are transformed back into the bacteria
Part B
The answer is transgenic organisms.
Inveterbrate would be a grasshopper
Hay tees métodos pot los cuales se forma las perlas: naturalmente, culturas, o imitación. En la naturaleza, in irritante como un pará o un grand de arena de abre paso entre el manto y la cáscara de in mejillón, una almeja o una ostra. Leugo, como mecanismo de defensa, la criatura marina comienza a secretar una mucosa com minerales conocidos como nácar, el mismo material del que están hechas las conchas. Con el tiempo, la capa de nácar de acumula y después de varios años, las perlas de agua salada tardan más en formarse, una perla está completamente formada. En el método de cultivo, un irritante se implanta quirúrgicamente en la criatura, esto se conoce como el núcleo, la semilla o “madre de perla”. A partir de ahí sufre el mismo proceso que en la naturaleza. No creo que estuvieras preguntando sobre el proceso para hacer perlas de imitación. No hablo Español, así que esto ha sido traducido por el traductor de google si ay algún problema de traducción. Espero que esto ayude.
When two protein chains combine to form an active protein, the structural level is quaternary.
<h3>What is a quaternary structure?</h3>
The quaternary and tertiary structure of a protein is the tridimensional shape of the protein, which involves protein domains.
The quaternary protein structure refers to the different arrangements generated by different protein subunits.
The primary structure of a protein involves its amino acid sequence, whereas the second structure involves protein chains.
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Penicillins disrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis.
<h3>
How does penicillin affect bacterial cell walls?</h3>
- Penicillin kills bacteria by inhibiting the proteins which cross-link peptidoglycans in the cell wall .
- When a bacterium divides in the presence of penicillin, it cannot fill in the “holes” left in its cell wall.
- β-Lactam antibiotics, including penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, and carbapenems, are distinguished by a lactam ring in their molecular structure and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls.
- Penicillins work by bursting the cell wall of bacteria. Drugs in the penicillin class work by indirectly bursting bacterial cell walls.
- They do this by acting directly on peptidoglycans, which play an essential structural role in bacterial cells.
To learn more about Penicillin from the given link
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