Complete question:
Comparisons of amino acid sequences can shed light on the evolutionary divergence of related species. If you were comparing two living species, would you expect all proteins to show the same degree of divergence? Select the two correct statements.
- All proteins will show the same degree of divergence because they are modified with the same rate of evolution.
- All proteins will show the same degree of divergence because different species experience the same selection pressure.
- All proteins will show different degrees of divergence because different species live in different habitats and experience different selection pressure.
- All proteins will show different degrees of divergence because different species exhibit different patterns of behavior and have different metabolic pathways.
- All proteins will show the same degree of divergence because all cellular functions are essential to the survival of the organism.
- All proteins will show different degrees of divergence because some cellular functions are more essential than others to the survival of the organism.
Answer:
3) All proteins will show different degrees of divergence because different species live in different habitats and experience different selection pressure.
4) All proteins will show different degrees of divergence because different species exhibit different patterns of behavior and have different metabolic pathways.
Explanation:
- All proteins will show the same degree of divergence because they are modified with the same rate of evolution. FALSE.
- All proteins will show the same degree of divergence because different species experience the same selection pressure. FALSE
- All proteins will show different degrees of divergence because different species live in different habitats and experience different selection pressure. TRUE
- All proteins will show different degrees of divergence because different species exhibit different patterns of behavior and have different metabolic pathways. TRUE
- All proteins will show the same degree of divergence because all cellular functions are essential to the survival of the organism. FALSE
- All proteins will show different degrees of divergence because some cellular functions are more essential than others to the survival of the organism. FALSE.
In this example, we are comparing different species, although we do not know how different they are. Changes in the proteins reflect the divergence between groups during evolution. Among different animals and plants, changes in proteins and their following maintenance can be associated with a group divergence and evolution.
The same proteins amino acid sequences in different species provide information about the divergence point between both species. Probably, the origin of genes and protein changes and the subsequent fixation of those changes by natural selection is the cause of most of the phenotypic variation observed between species. So, genes and proteins are subdued to selective pressures that vary according to the environment and the species.
In populations of the same species inhabiting different places with different environmental characteristics suffer changes that respond to their life habits. Proteins evolve in different degrees and take different routes, influenced by the selective pressures of the environment surrounding them. Ecological, behavioral, reproductive pressures, among others, vary between populations according to their own needs and produce changes that "model" the organisms when fixating. These changes are inherited generation after generation, leading to a divergence in the species.
