The best reason as to why the caliphs demonstrated religious tolerance to Jews and Christians would be because "D. the caliphs knew freedom of worship led to an overall stronger empire," since allowing people to worship freely meant that they were less likely to rebel against the state.
Answer: The role of children was to help their parents out in the fields if they needed it and the girls would help their mothers in the household. Boys would live with the parents for their entire life. The girl would move in with their husbands.
I believe it’s the second option not so sure though. Good luck