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Double fertilization happens when one sperm cell wires with the egg to create a zygote, and the other sperm cell wires with the two polar cores to make the endosperm.
To answer the above:
Once double fertilization occurs in plants, the zygote is diploid and the endosperm is <span>triploid.</span>
The mechanism of action of Bordetella pertussis is to stop the cilia of epithelial cells from beating.
<em>Bordetella pertussis</em> is a pathogenic, gram-negative bacteria. It is the causative agent of highly communicable respiratory disease known as pertussis or whooping cough.
The mechanism of action of Bordetella pertussis:
- This bacterium colonizes the ciliated epithelial cells of the respiratory airways of the host.
- A surface protein on the bacteria called filamentous haemagglutinin adhesin binds to sulfatides on the cilia of epithelial cells. When the bacterium is anchored, it releases tracheal cytotoxin, which prevents the cilia from beating.
- As a result, the cilia in an organism's lungs are unable to sweep out foreign material, and the body reacts by causing the host to cough. When people cough, bacteria are released into the air, where they might spread to other hosts.
- Another toxin called the pertussis toxin, often known as PTx, prevents adenylate cyclase from using ATP to convert to cyclic AMP. This results in over-conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP, which may interfere with cellular signaling systems. As a result, phagocytes are unable to respond to an infection effectively.
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The genetic base of the shape of orchid is very complex.
Mendelian traits are described as simple traits determined by one gene. The different alleles of the gene contribute to the difference in the trait. This is true for some traits in plants, animals including humans and other organisms, but not for the shape of orchids.
The shape of orchid flowers is determined by the ABCDE group of genes that are responsible for the body plan in plants. These genes are the equivalent of HOX genes of animals.
The protein products of different genes of the ABCDE group interact with each other in complex ways creating different shapes of orchids.
Answer:
d. Aerobic respiration uses oxygen as a final electron acceptor, whereas anaerobic respiration uses an inorganic molecule other than oxygen as the final electron acceptor
Explanation:
One of the main difference between organic and organic compounds is that organic compounds have a carbon with at least one hydrogen bond. In anaerobic respiration the final electron acceptor are molecules such as sulfate (SO42-), nitrate (NO3–), or sulfur (S) depending on the organism.
