The spread of Islam to sub-Saharan African was linked to trans-Saharan trade: Islam spread via trade routes, and Africans converting to Islam increased trade and commerce. ... Muslim merchants conducting commerce also gradually spread Islam along their trade network.
For National bank, he wanted a bank that would assume the debts of all states. This annoyed the southern states.
The first one is the answer
Sputnik I was the world's first ever artificial satellite that launched by the Soviet Union in 1957. This marked the start of the "space age" which pushed the race between the US and the USSR in the field. Because of this "competition", many scientific discoveries were made to study and even travel to outer space.
