The discovery of a sea route between Europe and Asia did all of the following ... the surrounding areas, trade between Europe and Asia came to a complete halt, ...
That is because metamorphic rock is formed by parent rocks that are either sedimentary rock or igneous rocks and we can use the former rock type to distinguish the type of metamorphic rock, marble was igneous rock exposed to high pressure or temperature.
While the other two type of rocks are formed initially by sedimentation and volcanic movements and has no parent rocks.
I think the answer is obviously letter D
Oxidation - the breakdown of rock by oxygen and water, often giving iron-rich rocks a rusty-coloured weathered surface.
A-ha It is applicable throughout the universe.