Most genes contain the information needed to make functional molecules called proteins. (A few genes produce other molecules that help the cell assemble proteins.) The journey from gene to protein is complex and tightly controlled within each cell. It consists of two major steps: transcription and translation. Together, transcription and translation are known as gene expression.
During the process of transcription, the information stored in a gene's DNA is transferred to a similar molecule called RNA (ribonucleic acid) in the cell nucleus. Both RNA and DNA are made up of a chain of nucleotide bases, but they have slightly different chemical properties. The type of RNA that contains the information for making a protein is called messenger RNA (mRNA) because it carries the information, or message, from the DNA out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
Translation, the second step in getting from a gene to a protein, takes place in the cytoplasm. The mRNA interacts with a specialized complex called a ribosome, which "reads" the sequence of mRNA bases. Each sequence of three bases, called a codon, usually codes for one particular amino acid. (Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.) A type of RNA called transfer RNA (tRNA) assembles the protein, one amino acid at a time. Protein assembly continues until the ribosome encounters a “stop” codon (a sequence of three bases that does not code for an amino acid).
The flow of information from DNA to RNA to proteins is one of the fundamental principles of molecular biology. It is so important that it is sometimes called the “central dogma.”
<h3><u>Answer;</u></h3>
<em>2 atoms of nitrogen </em>
<h3><u>Explanation;</u></h3>
- A compound is a substance that is made up of different types of atoms from different elements. For example water is a compound made up of hydrogen and oxygen atoms.
- In this case; Ni(NO₃)₂, is an example of a compound. It is <u><em>made up of 1 nickel atom, 2 atoms of nitrogen, and six atoms of oxygen</em></u>.
Answer:
false
Explanation:
state of matter is physical propertu
Ligaments<span> - a tough band of tissue that holds the ends of bones </span>together<span> at a </span>joint Joints<span> - where two or more bones meet </span>together<span> Tendons - cords of connective tissue that attach muscle to bone Muscles and tendons attach to bones on either side of a </span>joint<span>, </span>holding<span> the bone(s) </span>together<span> tightly In the human body</span>
